A solenoid valve is an electro-mechanical device that controls the flow of fluids or gases through a system by using an electromagnetic coil. It consists of a solenoid coil, a plunger, and a valve body with an inlet and an outlet. When the coil is energized, it creates a magnetic field that attracts the plunger, causing it to move and open or close the valve. This movement allows the fluid or gas to pass through the valve or prevents its flow depending on the design and function of the valve.
The design and configuration of solenoid valves can vary based on the specific application and requirements. They are available in various sizes, materials, voltages and types. Solenoid valves can be classified into two types: direct-acting and pilot-operated. Direct-acting solenoid valves are simple and efficient, as the solenoid directly controls the valve's opening and closing mechanism. These valves are commonly used for applications that require quick response times. On the other hand, pilot-operated solenoid valves are more complex and require a pressure differential to operate. These valves use a small pilot valve to control the flow of fluid or gas, and the solenoid coil is responsible for actuating the pilot valve. This design allows for higher pressure and flow rates, making them suitable for applications that demand greater control and precision.
Solenoid valves are commonly used in a wide range of industries, including industrial automation, HVAC systems, water management, medical devices, automotive systems, and more. They offer precise control, fast response times, and reliable operation, making them essential components in numerous applications.